A Lesson of Being Cautious

I learned a valuable lesson when I lost my mobile phone. On that day, I had an appointment with my friends and I took the bus to go out as usual. But that day was Sunday and the bus was more crowded because a lot of people didn't need to work, and they came out to play. Because there was no pocket on my trousers, I had to put my phone in the shallow coat pocket which resulted in the coming tragedy.After ore than ten minutes, the bus reached the destination, I clenched my fists and elbowed my way through the crowd and got off with difficulty. When I touched the ground, I suddenly thought that someone bumped into me in doorway earlier, and then I touched my coat pocket and found that my mobile phone was gone. Immediately, I looked back at the bus and glanced at the people around, but everything was very strange and it made me feel a little afraid.I walked hastily to the eating place to meet my friends, borrowed a phone of theirs to call my number, but I was unable to get through. Afte r a few seconds of hesitation, I dejectedly gave my dad a call to tell him my mobile phone was stolen. He comforted me that it didn't matter and warned me to be cautious outside and come back home as soon as possible. Even today, it is still an important lesson, to always be careful and cautious, because you never know where bad guys are and what will happen the next second.

History of Love Essay

The fear of losing something, whether it is one’s own life, the lives of love ones, or memories, is what drives many of the things people do. The characters in The History of Love are from different generations and have gone through different experiences but they all strive to sustain love, avoid death, stave off misery, and find a bearable truth in the sometimes unbearable reality of living. They are linked together through the theme of survival. Through different methods, they seek to physically survive and keep their love for others alive. To begin with, Bird attempts to help his sister and mother physically survive when the world ends. Bird believes that the world will end by a flood. He goes around the neighborhood looking for â€Å"things that people have thrown away with the garbage† and â€Å"Styrofoam because it floats† to build an ark (151). Bird believes that with the ark, his mother and Alma â€Å"don’t have to worry† about survival when the flood comes (204). Secondly, Alma Singer demonstrates a strong desire to physically survive and preserve her memories and connection with her deceased father by taking interest in surviving in the wilderness and reading The History of Love. When she discovers that her father loved the outdoors, Alma decides to become an expert at surviving in the wilderness in order to keep her memory of her father alive and maintain a connection with him. She learns survival skills by purchasing and closely reading a book called Edible Plants and Flowers in North America, memorizing the Universal Edibility Test, and practicing assembling her father’s tent in record time so that she can survive in places like the Peruvian Andes â€Å"like [her] father† (42). In addition, her memories of her father become more† faint, unclear, and distant† as each year passes and it does not help that her mother threw away most of his belongings (190). She turns to the book, The History of Love, hoping to â€Å"find out something true about [her] father, and the things he would have wanted to tell [her] if he hadn’t died† (181). Alma tries to keep her love and memories for her father alive by find meaning out of the passions and belongings of her father. In contrast to Alma, Charlotte Singer survives and continues her love for her husband by creating a world that focuses on her memoires and feelings for her husband, David. She survives by never falling out of love with him and keeping her love as alive â€Å"as the summer they first met† (45). She holds on to her memories and love for her husband by following sculptor and painter Alberto Giacometti’s idea that in order to â€Å"paint a leaf, you have to sacrifice the whole landscape† (45). In attempt to â€Å"hold on to a certain feeling†, Charlotte insulates herself with memories of her life with David by building a world out of them where â€Å"she [knew] how to survive in, even if no one else could† (181). As a result, she â€Å"sacrificed the world† and her connection with her children and other people (46). Similar to Charlotte, Leo’s unwavering love for Alma Mereminsky allows him to physically survive the Holocaust in Europe. With the Nazi invasion of Slonim, Leo was forced into a constant state of running and hiding. In order to survive, he hid in â€Å"trees, cracks, cellars, and holes† and lived in forests, subsiding on â€Å"anything he could put in [his] mouth† such as bugs, worms, and unclean water from puddles (12, 226). During the winter, he would hide in potato cellars for warmth and eat raw rat meat. Despite these horrible experiences, Leo’s deep love for Alma M. and his hope to reunite with her motivated Leo to want to live â€Å"very badly† and ultimately enabled him to survive the Holocaust (226). Just as Leo used the writing of The History of Love to help him survive his separation from Alma M. during his youth, at the end of his life he uses writing once again to help him survive. Leo uses writing and imagination to survive loss and loneliness. At the end of his life, he writes Words for Everything, his life story. He uses this creative process as a way to cope with the separation and loss of his parents, siblings, â€Å"the only woman [he] ever wanted to love†, son, time, and childhood home, among many other things (168). Leo also uses his imagination to survive loneliness. During his childhood he used imagination to cope with being â€Å"different than others† and later in his life, he uses it to create a friend, Bruno. Bruno, Leo’s â€Å"old faithful† is revealed to be â€Å"the friend that [he] didn’t have† and â€Å"the greatest character [he] ever wrote†, based on his childhood friend who was killed in Slonim during the Holocaust (6, 249). Bruno, someone Leo â€Å"invented so [he] could live,† was resurrected in his imagination to compensate for his inability to relate to the world and assuage his own loneliness (167). Leo uses writing and imagination to survive in different stages of his life. For the characters of The History of Love, there are different contexts and methods for survival. For Bird, it is important that his mother and sister physically survive the flood that he believes is coming. To Alma Singer, her obsession with physical survival in the wilderness stems from her attempt to keep her connection, memories, and love for her father alive. Simultaneously, Charlotte closes herself from the world so that she can preserve her love and memories of her deceased husband. Bird, Alma S., and Charlotte’s connection and methods for survival all underline Leo’s journey of survival. In the early part of his life, Leo uses his love for Alma Mereminsky to physically stay alive during the Holocaust. At the end of his life, he uses writing and imagination to survive separation, loss, and loneliness. Each character has their own story but they are connected through a strong will for their own survival and the survival of their loved ones and irreplaceable love and memories of them.

Adopting Alternatives to the Traditional Criminal Justice System

The following proposal to President Obama is expected to meet his approval.   He would ensure that it is followed, seeing that it is meant to improve the criminal justice system of the United States, thereby enhancing the living standard of the Americans.   It would be easy to pass this proposal with the American public as well.   After all, they do not desire to be held in jails for crimes they have not committed, and neither do they want the lives of fellow Americans destroyed through the traditional criminal justice system.Adopting Humane Crime Deterrance TechniquesA popular theory in management sciences, the Contingency Theory, simply states: ‘It depends!’   Each and every individual exhibiting criminal behavior cannot be jailed, just as each and every victim of abuse does not wish for all perpetrators to be jailed.After all, even children may exhibit behaviors that appear uncivilized, if not criminal; for example, an unruly child in school may smash his frie nd’s head with a football.   Still, a child is a child – at the lower end of the learning curve.This is the reason why alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system, such as shaming, peacemaking strategies and restorative justice are especially recommended for juvenile delinquents (Sherman & Strang, 1997a).As a matter of fact, research has shown that young offenders are most likely to change their problem behaviors through restorative justice techniques rather than court proceedings (Sherman & Strang, 1997a).   Adult drink drivers, too, are very likely to change their problem behavior because of the humaneness of restorative justice (Sherman & Strang, 1997a).Of course, the same has not been said for serial killers or rapists.   After all, there was a reason for the Biblical rule: ‘Eye for an eye, tooth for tooth.’   Just as all types of crimes cannot go unpunished, all types of criminals do not require the harshness of the traditional jus tice system, defined by the terminology of â€Å"punishment, zero tolerance, criminal personality (Wormer, 2002).†The United States jails more individuals than any other place in the world, â€Å"perhaps half a million more than Communist China (Kemp, 2000).†Ã‚   It is not surprising, therefore, that our prisons are overcrowded.   Yet, the victims do not only desire for the perpetrators of crimes to be punished but also shamed so as to keep them from criminal activities in future.Shaming, peacemaking strategies, and restorative justice also carry elements of punishment.   These alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system allow the perpetrator of a crime to be known to all concerned.   However, these alternatives to the traditional justice system are less harsh.What if the person who is said to have committed the crime is innocent?   If a blamed person is truly innocent, the traditional criminal justice system that punishes him or her is a sham at be st.   On the contrary, alternatives to the traditional justice system, e.g. shaming, peacemaking strategies and restorative justice, are more apt to allow for the truth to be known.Then again, the use of humane alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system depends on the extent of justice required by the victim and the seriousness of the crime.   Unfortunately, the traditional criminal justice system often turns a blind eye to itself when it punishes innocent people, when intentions are misjudged, and innocent people are stigmatized as criminals for the rest of their lives.There are countless instances of such crimes perpetrated by the traditional criminal justice system, which is the very reason why alternatives to the traditional system must be thoroughly researched and applied when needed.Seeing that law enforcement personel, lawyers and judges too may misjudge people or hold them for crimes that they are not responsible for – considering the traditional crim inal justice system as a hard and fast rule appears as a crime in itself.   What is more, at times when the traditional criminal justice system fails to deliver, it makes a mockery of justice.There are other loopholes in the traditional criminal justice system as well.   Numberless severely mentally disturbed people, also known as psychopaths, insist on repeating their crimes.   Psychologists offer defense on the behalf of such individuals.It is still debatable whether insanity is an acceptable defense.   If a psychopath constantly harasses an individual, the victim may naturally want the mentally ill person to be punished, if not held behind bars in a mental hospital.Peacemaking strategies, such as getting a â€Å"respected community leader† to arbitrate or mediate disputes, resolve family troubles, and correct behavior by allowing the criminal to perform community service may not work in such cases (Neilson, 1999, 108).   But, even the traditional criminal justice system does not serve its purpose in all cases.It is, therefore, best to consider a mix and match of various crime deterrance techniques.   Unless a young offender is severely mentally ill, alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system, such as shaming, peacemaking strategies and restorative justice, may work best.Unless it is a rape, robbery or murder case, alternatives to the traditional system must also work best on adult offenders that have never received a legal notice in their lives.All that the victim desires is justice.   As Sherman & Strang (1997b) have maintained, if the perpetrator of a crime agrees not to repeat the offence, and manages to keep his or her word, it is perfectly correct to allow the individual to change his or her behavior by realizing his or her folly.   This is the reason why social workers are firm believers in alternatives to the traditional criminal justice system (Wormer).The Contingency Theory should continue to play a central role in the justice system.   Every case brought before law enforcement personnel and courts of law is unique, and must be treated thus.   If everybody is treated as an equal, the criminal justice system would make a mockery of itself playing the game of three blind mice – the ones given the task of meting out justice, the offenders, and the victims.Sane people do not want to be shamed or punished, and if they have mistakenly offended others, are usually prepared to mend their ways especially when mediators are involved in the case.   Human beings have a natural affinity with each other.Almost everybody in the world shrieks in terror at crimes perpetrated against humanity.   Therefore, it is most reasonable to consider the traditional criminal justice system alongside the alternatives to the system.   More correctly, it is necessary to put together the alternatives with the traditional criminal justice system and use the correct measures based on the facts of each case.J ust as everybody is not dishonest, all individuals cannot be expected to have the same level of intelligence or sense of responsibility toward society.ReferencesKemp, R. B. (2000, Mar). The U.S. Penal System: Restorative and/or Retributive Justice.Woodstock Report. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from http://woodstock.georgetown.edu/publications/report/r-fea61a.htm.Neilson, M. O. (1999). Navajo Nation Courts, Peacemaking, and Restorative Justice Issues.Journal of Legal Pluralism, Vol. 44. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp://www.jlp.bham.ac.uk/volumes/44/nielsen-art.pdf.Sherman, L. W., & Strang, H. (1997a, Apr). Restorative Justice and Deterring Crime.Australian Institute of Criminology. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp://www.aic.gov.au/rjustice/rise/working/risepap4.html.———————————–. (1997b, Apr). The right kind of shame for crime prevention.Australian Institute of Criminology. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, from h ttp://www.aic.gov.au/rjustice/rise/working/risepap1.html.Wormer, K. V. (2002, Jan 7). Restorative Justice and Social Work. Social Work Today, Vol. 2,No. 1. Retrieved Nov 28, 2008, fromhttp://www.restorativejustice.org/resources/docs/vanwormer/.

Foreign Exchange Market Intervention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Foreign Exchange Market Intervention - Essay Example Author also note, though, an obvious experiential puzzle concerning the secrecy of much intervention and propose an additional way in which intervention may be effectual but which has so far conventional little concentration in the literature, namely from side to side its role in remedying a harmonization failure in the foreign exchange market (Adams, Donald and Dale W., 2003). In this research author assess the development made by the profession in understanding whether and how exchange rate intervention works. To this ending, author appraisal the theory and confirmation on official intervention, absorbed primarily on work published surrounded by the last decade or so. According to the expert analysis this reading of the latest literature leads us to terminate that, in difference by the profession's consensus view of the 1980s, official intervention can be effectual, particularly through its role as a signal of policy intentions, and particularly when it is publicly make known and concentrated. Author also note, though, an evident empirical puzzle relating to the secrecy of much intervention and put forward an supplementary way in which intervention may be effectual but which has so far conventional little notice in the literature, namely from side to side its role in remedying a harmonization breakdown in the foreign exchange market (Agnor, 2004, pp. 1-1 6). Accor... Whether or not official exchange rate intervention is effective in authority exchange rates, and the means by which it does so, are issues of critical policy significance, and they have been the subject of a enormous academic and policy-related literature. Given the policy significance of official intervention, it is perhaps not astonishing that this literature has been the venue for a considerable and ongoing economic argument. Insofar as a consensus is perceptible betauthoren economists and policy makers relating to the efficiency and attractiveness of exchange rate intervention, it come into view to have shifted quite a few times over the past quarter of a century (Agnor, 2002, pp. 357-94). At the time of the fall down of the Bretton Woods adaptable peg exchange rate system in the early 1970s, when the poauthorrlessness of the authorities to hold the parities in the face of enormous tentative attacks had it seems that been demonstrated only too authorll, the profession appeared poauthorrfully to favor a pure float, connecting zero intervention. The 1970s experience with floating exchange rates among the main industrialized countries, and the ensuing instability of both nominal and real exchange rates, though, led to a shift in this agreement so that, by the late 1970s, equally economists and policy makers chiefly of countries which had undergo a considerable loss in competitiveness often criticized the U.S. authorities for not which capital could move among urbanized countries, the prevailing consensus betauthoren economists, policy makers and foreign exchange market practitioners throughout the early 1980s come into view to

Research Building a World-Class Information Security Department Paper

Building a World-Class Information Security Department - Research Paper Example As soon as the corporate security and risk framework has been established, it will be mapped into lower-level procedures for the implementation teams. The policies and architecture team will be required to not only construct the architecture but also help in managing and monitoring compliance with architecture and system policies. This area will be focused on the management of projects and resources for the information security group. It will be harnessed to ensure that necessary resources are assigned to projects and that timelines, service levels, and commitments from the security team are met. It will also be used to ensure that personnel are well-equipped and trained to execute their duties. The security team and its programs must be aligned to business requirements and needs; this will help in ensuring that oversight and governance are complied with (Dhillon 24). Many organizations have special security liaisons in the business, but their responsibilities are usually not a formal component of their job descriptions, or if they are, other operational duties take precedence over this bit part role. I will have a designated business liaison for every significant business segment or at least make it a significant part of the job responsibility so that these people are able to spend enough time knowing and responding to business requirements and needs. This area will be focused on and emphasized in order to ensure that security technologies and tools are employed in the current environment in accordance with architectural needs. In addition to this, this area will ensure that IT operations management tools and custom applications being deployed, such as log management and network management, have appropriate and adequate security built into them. For instance, there may be applications where access control is very important to guarantee network management tools that

Critical Evaluation Of Shareholder Wealth Maximisation Research Paper

Critical Evaluation Of Shareholder Wealth Maximisation - Research Paper Example As we enter the 21st century, calling it the postindustrial era or postmodern era, the moral status of the shareholder wealth maximization for the corporate activity has changed. Shareholder wealth maximization is exempt for moral scrutiny, within the disciplines of financial economics and corporate culture. This concept is undeniably protected against the critics by the theory of invisible hand that each individual company that competes in pursuit of shareholder wealth maximization ultimately leads to maximum cumulative economic advantage. "Many managers have considerable discretion to substitute their own interest for that of the stockholders. Stockholder and manager interests can conflict or be independent in significant respects. The extent to which firms are managed in stockholder interests vary considerably" (Findlay & Whitmore, 1974). The term itself appears to entail a narrow worldly focus on shareholders but in reality, it really stands for a focus on the equity market value disclosed in the company's price of the stock. In this respect, the finance manager who is in pursuit of shareholder wealth maximization is in fact only concerned with the things that can have an effect or impact on the company's price or value of stock and therefore, other stakeholders can influence company value. Critical Evaluation of Stakeholder Approach An approach to strategic management was proposed by Edward Freeman in 1984 called the stakeholder approach. The traditional view of corporate strategy, stakeholders were associated with terms such as owners or stockholders of a company. According to Freeman, he described the term stakeholder more broadly and included in his definition that any group or an individual who can influence or is influenced by the company's objectives and goal is a stakeholder of that company. In order to understand the stakeholder model, it should be recognized that this model does not only imply any concern only for the stockholders but also for the stakeholders such as animals or the environment. The concern for finance managers at this point is ineradicably inter-twined with a company's finance concern. A company that is insensitive to the concerns of the stakeholders will not be able to rise financially and therefore would not be able to cater to the needs of the stakeholders.The stakeholder model als o has many drawbacks. The interests of the stakeholders of any company can deviate sharply from one another and managers pursuing the path to keep all the stakeholders happy, who have no sense of compromise, can do more damage than those managers who put the shareholders first in their doctrine and objectives. In modern times, the interests of the stakeholders are inter-twined as aforementioned. To elaborate, employees are shareholders in the company due to the investment in the pension funds.

The Operations of E-Cab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Operations of E-Cab - Essay Example On the other hand, the production process refers to the manufacturing process or system involved in the production of goods and services. Consequently, the goods and services represent the desired packaged product. Therefore, considering the operations within E-Cab Company, the input resources would correspond to the raw materials required for the assembly of the cabs. These include posts and cross nails, paint and cross members (Johnson, Chambers, Harland, Harrison, and Slack, 2003:494). Consequently, the production process would correspond to the manufacturing process involved in the production of cabs, including all the quality checks involved in the entire process. Finally, the cabs produced to represent the finished product desired by the customer such as the Nokia company. According to Render and Heizer (1994:198), the manufacturing process requires an operational process. An operation process underlines the crucial decisions undertaken in the transformation of resources into products and services. Consequently, the objective of the operation process is the prompt and effective production of the desired goods and services (Heizer, 2010:198). Therefore, the transformation process incorporates the fundamental management model. This process involves operations strategy, design, planning and control, and, finally, improvement. All these processes are intertwined to produce the desired strategy in regard to operations. However, in order to understand this process, one has to consider the Hayes and Wheelwright model. Therefore, as regards E-Cab Company, its manufacturing system lacked in quality as a result of poor operational systems. This was a result of a deficiency in two crucial transforming resources: facilities and personnel.  

In what sense, if any, should the study of politics be understood as a Essay

In what sense, if any, should the study of politics be understood as a science - Essay Example In part, politics looks at the way in which these varying needs are met and how the different factors are accommodated. History Politics has been studied since the 4th century B.C. From this time to the present day the topic has been examined in depth, with wide ranging debates and discussion. Greeks were the first one to understand and undertake some prominent changes in the ruling bodies to bring democracy. To implement it efficiently Greeks took politics as a subject to be studied with more rational and systematic approach. Aristotle was the first Greek to introduce the concept of developing a state or a city by uniting small villages together and defined a boundary for particular regulations. He believed in bringing collective and collaborative change through democratic politics. In modern times the discussion of politics consists of many different things. At its heart, politics looks at the way in which the government and governing bodies determine laws as well as how these laws are enforced. There are many different factors that can influence the way in which laws are made. These are examined throughout politics and political study. Some such factors include the effect of religion (Lenski, 1963), race (Gilens, 2000) and gender (Mohanty and Russo, 1991). One question is whether the study of politics can be considered a science. Science can be defined as a systematic study of either a natural or physical phenomena. Science supports and explains the natural phenomenon or natural reaction of a human being to every day issues and the purpose of science are to shape structures which can be useful for real life consequences. It is divided into two kinds, Social Science and Natural Science, however these two main branches can be sub divided into different subjects. Political science is often considered to be a sub division of Social Science. It is the study of government, state, politics and laws to enforce discipline, system and power among all classes and peopl e living within a boundary. Political Science interlinks with other subjects like sociology, psychology, international relations etc which can clearly tell that political science is a vast subject to study with proper guidelines. It gives a complete methodology of practicing political theories democratically with positivity, rationality and defines structuralism and institutionalism (Crotty, 1991). All these theories and depth cannot be observed without a thorough study over a subject. In short, Political Science cannot be kept restricted to specific issues happening in a state or a city but it is a complete solution and should be rightfully used in context of historical, social and cultural matters in our everyday life. Politics Politics is not just the study but a process of making collective and collaborative efforts or decisions to run state affairs effectively and successfully. It is a chain process of building relationships to gain power or authority. In this era, where reacti ons are more discernible and immediate actions cannot be taken, those in authority should be literate enough to deal with the affairs strategically and resolve them in a peaceful manner. Sensitive issues often have large implications, with judgments and laws affecting millions of lives in either positive or negative ways. This process known as politics should be

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) Essay

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) - Essay Example Dr. Harris diagnosed the patient with pneumonia and impending respiratory failure. She thought of intubating the patient herself on the floor, but then decided against it and handed over the patient to a pulmonologist and intensivist. The patient suffered intense and seemingly irreversible brain damage. After a few months had elapsed, the relatives of the patient consulted a legal counselor and came to the conclusion that the patient had suffered due to malpractice. Dr. Harris was held accountable. The case was settled by giving compensatory damages to the plaintiff. The end of the paper has an executive summary analyzing the case. The history of risk management in health care goes as far as four thousand years. The Babylonians were famous for punishing their medical practitioners if they were involved in any malpractice or if their negligence had incurred any physical or metal harm to the ill. The increased incidence of malpractice during the 1970s had a seminal effect on how the legislations that were made regarding health care. Health care providers found themselves in a quandary. The money-intensive lawsuits that had been filed against them was not only a huge financial burden, but also compromised their reputation. They were also faced with the possibility of losing their license. Therefore risk management became all the more important, with agencies using both financial resources and specialized risk management staff to ensure patient safety and higher standard of professional conduct for health care practitioners. Risk management in health care is defined as the systematic management of administrative and clinical processes to prevent uncertainties and potential dangers and to mitigate the risk of the institution’s exposure to liability if loss occurs. Risk management can come into play in case of mal practice. The Joint Commission (2010) defines mal practice as the â€Å"improper or unethical

Stuart Davis, American Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stuart Davis, American Painting - Essay Example The essay "Stuart Davis, American Painting" explores Hotel de France, painted by Stuart Davis. We can also see some part of the street. Accordingly, this painting was made at Paris, France particularly in the area of Montparnasse during the stay of Stuart Davis in that place in 1928 to 1929. The purpose of the painting was to convey the American artist’s feeling of great pleasure in the city’s being the only one of its kind. The work of Davis is a painting which is particularly oil on canvas. Oil on canvas is a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result of painting with a dry insoluble substance, usually dust or powder that was usually reduce, as by pounding or grinding, when suspended in a liquid vehicle becomes a paint that are tied with a medium of drying oil. This kind of painting is especially particular in Europe. Traditional oil painting techniques often begin with the artist sketching the subject onto the canvas with charcoal or thinn ed paint. Back to the painting of Davis, the work is a still life. This painting is a still life or the work of art depicting a subject matter, typically is a common place in Paris. The painting is a still life since it is man-made. In case that there is happening in the painting, it might be that people who are coming to and fro of the painting, we can see people who are standing near the window of the painting. There might be also people walking on the street, a sales representative with a big smile standing just in front of the kiosk.

Current Trend in Telecommunications Research Paper

Current Trend in Telecommunications - Research Paper Example One of the sectors that demonstrate this fact clearly is mobile telecommunications which has been growing tremendously over the last decade all around the world, with competitive entry and the setting up of technological standards playing a key part in dissemination of technology (Gruber 2005). The size of the mobile communications industry is growing by the day and the next set of devices that will be availed to consumers will adopt cutting edge technology for better services at even lower costs. The development and growth in technology has been steady from 1G, then 2G, to 3G and now 4G (Mobile Communications, 2007). It was inevitable that these developments would lead to 4G Long Term Evolution, as operators all over the world are tending to shift from voice-driven revenue to broadband and to an extent video (Nolle, 2010). As a result, one of the most exciting fields of study in terms of current trends in the telecommunications industry is 4G LTE wireless networks, where its history , a detailed description of the technology involved, the most probable future trends, the companies involved, the regulatory issues and finally the implications especially with relation to globalization form a good basis of study. Background of Wireless Networks It is important to first study the history of wireless technologies that finally led to the development of 4G LTE. The development of mobile communication technologies has been divided into distinct generations. To begin with there was the 1G, which describes the initial analog mobile phone technology examples of which are the NMT and AMPS technologies (Mobile Communications, 2007). 1G cellular wireless system featured analog modulation and was primarily designed to deliver voice-based services. They were the first to use a cellular system and automatically switch an on-going call (Arunabha et al, 2010). 2G technology then came about, described as the first digital mobile phone systems. 2G enabled users to access digital speech services and data capabilities from their devices, albeit to a limited extent. Examples of 2G technologies include GSM, IS95 CDMA and PDC. An enhanced version of 2G was then developed and dubbed 2.5G availing considerably higher data rates and packet data ser vices. GSM led the way in this with their EDGE and GPRS systems. This is what is mostly available to many users across the world as of now (Mobile Communications, 2007). 2G technologies brought several advantages mainly including improvement of system capacity and voice quality (Holma et al, 2007). The third generation or 3G/UMTS/W-CDMA are designed to give high speed mobile internet, quality services and video telephony (Mobile Communications, 2007). In comparison to 2G, 3G provided higher data speeds, better voice capacity and in an altogether new concept, support for advanced applications such as multimedia services. 3G technologies enabled better voice services, games, browsing and email, streaming multimedia services among others, and thus a clear improvement over 2G (Arunabha et al, 2010). After the 3G technology, operators then envisioned something beyond it; they could adopt HSPA, deploy WiMAX or deploy LTE. LTE provided an option for many operators who had not yet adopted 3 G to bypass HSPA (Arunabha et al, 2010). When it was conceptualized, it was pictured that 4G would provide never before experienced high speed internet with a high capacity, protocol based service that would be available at lower costs per bit. It was to be a combination of several existing technologies optimized for efficacy, including celluart network, wireless LAN, 3G and others, all connected together using relevant

Effect Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Effect Fast Food Essay Fast foods have become a common trend amongst many individuals. Most people would always say they dont have time hence opt for fast foods. With the advancement of modern technology these foods are made in way that leaves questions unanswered. Despite research showing organic food such as meat and poultry serve better nutritious supplements, most people tend to rely on fast foods such as vanilla and, barbecue more so in U. S. A. (Alexander, 22). There are some negative aspects pegged to modern food production techniques in the society. Modern food production techniques are costly hence it is not convenient for poor farmers since it involves scientific knowledge. In spite of its prevalence for about in 13year in U. S. A. the debate about fast foods has taken centre stage in todays discussion. This paper tries to stipulate the effects of fast foods that are exhibited in our contemporary society. Firstly, Modern methods also make use of machinery which is not available to every farmer in the world hence, it leaves the poor farmers out as they cannot afford the equipments required and, it also involves heavy investment especially when breeding certain crops for the sake of improving their nutritive values. In the process, various elements are introduced into them. It also builds the view in people that, only modern produced foods are good for consumption hence, the foods produced using conventional methods are, viewed to be of lesser value. Traditional farmers are therefore left out with their own produce making them to suffer economically (Schlosser, 112). It also observed that, foods produced using modern productions are also costly. However, the big question is why most people rush for them? Similarly, there is great fear in the world that genetically modified foods have immense negative health Impacts on peoples health. Consequently, modern food production is now focusing on safety of foods consumed by customers by introducing new techniques and, state of the art processing methods have been discovered to ensure that valuable nutrients are preserved. There is an immense focus on safety in foods being evident in the area of quality standards and safety. Safety requirements are of global significance along the whole food production line, from harvest of raw materials to storage of processed foods in homes (Wilk, 77). The key concern therefore is suppressing the growth of unwanted organisms that may spoil food. These actions have effects on the health of the society since; they eliminate the chances of food poisoning. Similarly, modern food production methods are also more focused on meeting specific dietary needs for the society. With the increased knowledge on the importance of various nutrients, diets can also be developed to meet specific need as numerous plant ingredients have already been shown to be beneficial in disease prevention. With the increasing knowledge on the importance of various nutrients, diets can be developed to meet specific needs. There is a wide range of food designed to suit the nutritional requirements of various groups such as the old, expectant or breast-feeding mothers, infants, young children and sportspersons. Such foods are characterized by a balanced composition of energy suppliers in the form of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. In addition, they have cocktails of vitamins and minerals composed according to the current state of scientific knowledge. For many elderly, they have an advantage that, the same foods may provide a balanced diet and, a sufficient supply of vitamins. Also, essential amino acids and minerals are provided without changing long standing habits. Application of modern food production methods has also proved to increase the levels of output in farms. Modern methods lead to high turnout of food production. There are several reasons for the causes of negative impacts of modern food production in the contemporary society. It is evident that, due to the high knowledge required in the production, only a few companies will be able to pool the resources and expertise to carry out the studies and production (Brown, 68). Some of these companies are unscrupulous and, will charge so much on their products since there are less competitors in the market hence, being a burden to the society as they are compelled to pay more. Also, there are other researchers who only claim to have improved a certain food in form of its nutritive value yet, it is not just to get easy money. The consumers are not aware of that hence, they end up buying the products not knowing they have been conned. In addition, lack of regulation by governments is another cause of negative impact on the health. This is because, some food producing companies will not carry out enough studies while genetically modifying some foods hence, may end up being lethal to the societys health. However, modern foods have had numerous positive impacts. With the advancement of scientific knowledge in plants and genetic engineering, it is possible to introduce even produce allergen free plants which are safe for the society. Genetic engineering is used to produce allergens in amounts sufficient for scientific analysis. The main aim is to produce varieties which have no predominant allergens and thus accommodate even hypersensitive consumers. Also with sophisticated technological efforts, it is possible to meet safety standards while maintaining organoleptic quality. Unwanted micro-organisms in foods need moisture, neutral pH values, low salt and sugar concentration and moderate temperatures to grow. This has called for measures to be undertaken to prevent the growth of these micro-organisms even after mild processing conditions, e. g various combinations of heat and acid treatments. The use of technology on the addition of antimicrobials, magnetic field pulses or computer aided design of equipment that is easily cleaned. As heating can destroy sensitive food ingredients, e.g. vitamins, modern pulse heat treatment involves very brief heating interspersed with cooling phases. Another way to combat microbial growth is water extraction, like industrial microwave drying of fruits or spray-drying of milk. Microwave drying offers the advantage of relatively low temperatures combined with the reduction of pre-existing moisture levels resulting in preserving valuable nutrients and flavors. Nowadays, food diagnostic methods are also being employed to determine the condition of foods by checking the temperatures, acid content, presence of certain metabolic products or, the quantity and type of micro organisms in a sample of safety controls. Besides conventional practices such as physiochemical characterizations, state-of-the-art molecular genetics methods are also widely used to identify spoilage bacteria. New tests based on molecular genetics can also be used to investigate a foods origin. Modern food production methods also act positively by improving the helpful micro organisms which contribute both to flavor and preservation of food stuffs. Low earnings among the people in the society, has led to permeation of fast foods because, low earning people mostly would prefer to purchase the fast foods rather than other foods so as to be able to pay bills. It is evident that, fast foods may at times cost lesser as compared to other healthy foods. Also, the society is not concerned in what they eat but are ready to consume the fast foods not withstanding their effects to their health (Meeks, 122). The fast food industry is experiencing a tremendous growth and success due to the changing lifestyle in the society whereby, people are no longer doing strenuous jobs so they end up preferring fast foods. It is also evident that fast foods are cheaper compared to other foods so people are inclined to buy them due to current economic situations. In conclusion, the society nowadays is a working one where people have no time to prepare food hence; they prefer to walk into fast food outlets and purchase rather than spending time cooking. The society is also experiencing changed eating habits and, people are not too much concerned with their health thus they buy fast foods. There is also a growing demand in fast foods mostly linked to the increasing population growth and also advertisements. Fast foods are also addictive and hence once one is used to them it is hard to leave.

Contextual Positioning Of Photographic Media Photography Essay

Contextual Positioning Of Photographic Media Photography Essay Using one image that you feel is representative of the work of a particular photographer, movement or genre, contextually deconstruct the image, in an objective and considered way. The image I have chosen to contextually deconstruct, is one photographed by Henri Cartier- Bresson. This image was taken in 1969 it is named Sidewalk Cafe, Boulevard Diderot, Paris. To discover the socio-cultural identity of Henri Cartier- Bresson, an exploration into his history must be undertaken, to determine the attitudes and outlook that influenced his thinking, understanding and perception, which can be leant from the social and cultural group to which he belonged. Henri Cartier Bresson was born in the 1900s and was raised and grew up during the age of the bourgeoisie. A Period in time that lasted for around a century and a half, Bourgeoisie translated means city dweller, this was considered a social class. Henri Cartier Bresson captured many great images that symbolise this time period during his life. Paris at that time was the city of its age, the 1900s, incredible wealth, incredible beauty, incredible art next to incredible poverty and bohemianism and a complete reworking of social morays. Henri Cartier Bresson was primarily a photojournlist who was most concernered with time and timing, his photographic fusion of form and content was groundbreaking. His images captured the moment, they are unplanned, this was made obvious when he publisised his book The Decisive Moment in which his introduction stated i craved to seize the whole essence, in the confines of one single photograph, of some situation that was in the process of unrolling itself before my eyes. Henri Cartier Bresson decided what to take a photo of, what elements to exclude and what angle to frame the photo, and these factors may reflect a particular socio-historical context. In the 1900s, World War I, was beginning, in the northeast of France, by 1918 the war was over and the Versailles Treaty was signed, the period between World War I and World War II was a time of Depression which lasted almost ten years, this was also the time of the avant-garde movement, in which France played a leading role, which brought artists, musician and filmakers worldwide, to France. The Avant- garde movement was a time in which boundaries of the norm in society were pushed. Henri Cartier Bresson was born into this world, being the eldest of five children and having a wealthy upbringing, he had the option of succeeding his fathers business, however Henri Cartier Bresson held a existentialist view, which meant that he believed he responsible for giving his own life meaning and living his life passionately and sincerely. Many people had this view as it was the time of existentialism. For Bresson it ment persueing his own dreams and passions instead of being duty bound to his f athers company. Henri Cartier Bresson influencer was his uncle, who was a painter, that died during the first World War, when Bresson was a mear age of five. Henri Cartier Bresson mentioned in an interview, in the year in which he died, my uncle, by being a painter, represented freedom to me. Bressons uncle represented bohemianism. Bresson was primarily a painter until he became inspired by a photojournalist from hungary, Martin Munkacsi. Munkacsi captured an image called Three boys at Lake Tanganyika, after seeing this image, Bresson was entralled, and took his camera and began image making himself, mainly in the streets. Bresson began working with a Leica, which he apparently painted black as to disguise it. this gave him anonymity in a crowd and he was able to capture more intimate shots such as the one he capture above, the couple outside a cafe, probably had no idea they were actually being photographed. Street photography is a type of documentary photography that features subjects in a candid situation, it is like holding up a mirror to society. This particular image that I have chosen I feel is a fair representation of his work, it captures the decisive moment attitude. It perfectly captures the Parisian cafe culture. Philosopher Josef Peiper said leisure is the basis of culture. The French cafe is as much a part of the culture of France as wine and cheese. This image captures a sterotype of France, the cliche black and white striped shirt, the Cigerette, and of course the beret. Even nowadays a trip to Paris, will almost always involve, french cafe culture, no matter which area of France a person goes to. Cafe culture is still a prominent leisure activity in France today. Henri Cartier- Bresson being a documentary photographer, photographed significant and historical events, he took images across the world in the beginning of his career, until doing extenstive work on the streets of Paris. Being brought up in a bourgeoisie society, where many people dwelled in cities, could have been part of the reason why Bresson entered the world of street photography. Bresson would have been considered fairly wealthy, in that era, simply because his was born into wealth, this gave him the oppurtunity to pursue his career in photography and the arts, which may not have been made possible otherwise. Bresson also had an full and beneficial education, attending university, and doing his mandatory service in the French Army. Bresson matured both artistically and as a man during a turbulent cultural and political era, which reflects in many of his images because of his documentation, of the worlds great events during his lifetime, such as Gandhis funeral, the final stage of the Chinease Civil War and many other great historial events. Bresson has a skill at envisaging an image, even when simply walking through the streets of Paris, his compostion is second to none, the rule of third is a compostional technique, captured in most of his images seems almost flawless. The fact that his camera is hand held, he manages to capture images, without camera shake, with good compostional skill, with the lighting being natural and without the subjects even realising they are being photographed. Once a subject realises they are being photographed they become far more formal and adapt and unnatural behaviour. The fact his subjects are completely unaware of the image being taken, makes his photographs far more pure and untainted and therefore even more spectacular. Especially so in this image, the couple being photographed are kissing, and are clearly unaware, if they were, this image would have lost its natural beauty, because the image would have been posed for. The small camera Bresson used when taking this specific shot, gave him the ability to get very intimate with this couple without there knowledge. For Bresson the street was his studio Susan Sontag a philosopher argues, To photograph is to appropriate the thing photographed. It means putting oneà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s self into a certain relation to the world that feels like knowledge, and therefore like power. Bresson managed to do this with such ease, and elegance, his perception of the world was captured through his camera, which was basically an extension of his eye. Although Bressons images are influential even in todays society, it can be argued that the way in which he took his images, violated social norms. However, this could be deemed acceptable considering he was living during a time of bohemian revolution whereby the norms in society were being pushed anyway. The fashion captured in this image is a perfect example of the time period. The strippy black and white shirt is not just a sterotype of France, it was the dress that middle class parisians wore. The sterotype of a person riding a bicycle through the streets of Paris, selling bread, garlic and onion is also somewhat true, it was the uniform the sellers wore, but became fashionable and others began wearing it. Another example of parisians pushing boundaries of the norm. Bresson was the co-founder of a company called Magnum photos, in which he himself as well as his co-founders began a project whereby they went out and took a series of images there project names were People live everywhere, Youth of the World, Women of the World and The Child Generation. The aim of the organisiation was to use the photographic medium as a service to humanity. Being a street photographer Bresson captured specific images of the time and the fashion and the attitude Parisians had. The fact that Bresson capture images that were publisized at the time could have been what influenced society, because it is not just society that influences a person, a person can influence society. The image I chose represents Bressons work well because it gives an insight into how exactly he created and captured the image and also gives an example of some of his greatest street photography, as well as proving that Bresson socio-cultural identity does effect his work in many ways. He photographed very ordinary things for the time period, but because they are documenting an era, it makes them timeless. The world in which Bresson has been raised and brought up in, definitly is apparent in his images especially those taken in Paris, his native country. This exploration into Bressons past and subsequently his image making proves that a his upbringing and the social climate in which he existed made an impact on his work, and lifestyle.

Models of Policing

Models of Policing The first police force was created in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel; he created 17 metropolitan police divisions in London. By 1856 the rest of the country was required to establish a police force. Since then, many different models of policing have been developed and experimented with, developments in policing and crime control were fairly rapid during the 1990s, this is due to many reasons such as; changing patterns of crime, changing demands on the police, and changing expectations of the police and their role in communities. The two models of policing that will be outlined and discussed in this essay are the Problem-Oriented policing model and the Intelligence-Led policing model. They each differ from one another substantially and across a range of dimensions, they differ in means and ends, methods and priorities, techniques and successes. However, they do also share some common features in their methods despite differing in the reasons for doing so. The Intelligence-Led policing model is home grown from the United Kingdom, it draws upon the notion that the police can and do know a great deal about offending patterns. It addresses the supposed failure of the police to address the systemic sources of crime and patterns within crime. The main thought is that the police and should actively pursue information about criminals and their organisation (Tilley 2003). The Audit Commission (1993) prescribed a proactive approach, targeting the criminal not the crime and making more use of intelligence. Carrying out this proactive approach involves effectively sourcing, assembling and analysing intelligence about criminals and their activities to disrupt their offending. Done so by targeting enforcement and patrol where the activity is the most common (Tilley 2003). The core emphases of the Intelligence-Led policing model are; the focus on crime alone, the means used are enforcement and the disruption of criminal groups; these measures are ai med at reducing the problem by undermining the ability of criminals to do their business. These activities are informed by the intelligence gained from the analysts about understanding the business of the criminals; all organisations involved are enforcement agencies in order to successfully aid the focus of this method. It is enforcing the practical business of policing more smartly, using information technology and modern methods (Tilley 2003). The Problem-Oriented policing model however, is more of a global movement with American origins. It embraces an analytic approach which takes community concerns seriously whilst developing strategic responses that aim to deal effectively with issues underlying police-relevant community problems, the origins of this method lie within the work of Goldstein (1979). It incorporates an explicit conception of the nature and role of modern policing, with officer imagination, local discretion and community resources being used where it is relevant to do so (Tilley 2003). The Problem-Oriented policing model also stresses substance and effectiveness over process and style, it is pre-dominantly evidence based. Goldstein outlines several purposes of this method of policing, they are; to prevent and control conduct which threatens life and property, to aid victims and protect those in danger of physical harm, to protect constitutional guarantees, to facilitate the movement of people and vehicles, to assist those who cannot care for themselves, to resolve conflict between individuals, groups or citizens and their government, to identify problems which may escalate for individuals, the police or even the government and to create and maintain a feeling of security in the community (Goldstein 1977, described in Scott 2000). The aim is to achieve these said purposes by systematically addressing relevant problems in the community; the identified problems should then be thoroughly researched and understood. Relevant responses should be identified and targeted on the basis of this analysis (Tilley 2003). Already it is clear that there are differences in the focus points of both models; however a common factor between these models is the use of analysis, intelligence and computers. Both the Intelligence-Led policing model and the Problem-Oriented policing model use these new methods due to the issue that criminality is becoming more sophisticated and mobile, the identification of patterns is beyond the capability of localised, informal methods of identification (NCIS 2000). Therefore, up to date intelligence allows for speedy well targeted interventions in an ever-changing society of criminals and varying criminal organisation (Tilley 2003). Computers are used as they enable better management of the flow of information that the police receive about criminals, their behaviour and organisation (Tilley 2003). Through this, smarter action can be taken to control them through deterrence, disruption, arrest or incarceration, as the information is organised and easy to access; it is easier a nd quicker to create an operation to take down criminals. The improved quality of the analysis is due to the improved quality of the intelligence systems. Both of the models of policing heavily rely on analysing data. Analysis converts raw information into actionable intelligence by seeking patterns in crime data, seeing the similarities in criminal events and constructing profiles (Cope 2004). It offers a synthesis of data about crime that is developed out of context (Peterson 1990) and also provides the opportunity to rationalise policing (Manning 2001). The two models of policing require specialist analysts, these analysts make much more systematic use of information and often call for information collection as well as use of information already at hand (Tilley 2003). Although both policing methods use analysis, the information which they seek is different. The analysis method has sound foundations within the principles of Problem-Oriented policing (Goldstein 1979). The focus on information collection is on problematic patterns of behaviour that produce police-relevant problems for the community and on plausible points of intervention to reduce them, remove them or prevent the harm cause by them (Clarke and Eck 2003). The analysis tends to focus on enduring problems that are not responsive to standard forms of policing, therefore its focus spans relatively long periods and relatively wide spaces so that there is much more data readily available from records (Tilley 2003). It calls for the close specification of problems and the problem along with its analysis comes first. Analysis is also integral to the theory of the Intelligence-Led policing model. It is on a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"need to knowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ security principle (NCIS 2000). The process of this model exemplifies concerns with identifying, prioritizing and intervening to minimise risk. Intelligence can be understood as information developed to direct police action (Cope 2004). The Intelligence-Led policing model is fed by intelligence products, of which there are four types; firstly strategic assessments, these provide a longer term picture of trends possibly with forecasts for the future, secondly tactical assessments, these are short term and are aligned to the tactical menu, thirdly target profiles, these profiles describe the offenders and their associates to inform operations against them and lastly problem profiles, these profiles identify emerging series of offenders or hotspots for crime (Cope 2004) all the information which is put forward in these products is actively sought. The focus of information collection and analysis in the Intelligence-Led policing model is on offenders and their networking patterns, and to inform smart enforcement focused on serious and prolific offending patterns. It tends to naturally focus on current or very recent offending patterns. The intelligence used is often gained from informants and is done so covertly, whereas the Problem-Oriented policing model rarely needs or uses covertly collected information and information from informants. The Intelligence-Led policing model leaves little if any space for analysis of none-crime problems, the major information task is thus finding and drawing together ways of tracking offender and offending patterns as they emerge, and disrupting them through targeted enforcement (Tilley 2003). Crime analysis is crucial for this method of policing to work effectively because it endeavours to deliver the right information to the right people at the right time (Fletcher 2000). The Intelligence-Led policing model and the Problem-Oriented policing model both note the association between repeat victimisation and prolific offending. For the Problem-Oriented policing model repeat victimisation comprises a major pattern of problem events requiring systematic attention (Pease 1998). Repeat offenders appear to be largely responsible for repeat offences (Everson and Pease 2001). Therefore focusing proactive enforcement efforts on those already victimised is an efficient way of targeting prolific offenders. This falls in line with the Intelligence-Led policing model which steers attention towards this. However, the Problem-Oriented policing model is also concerned with non-enforcement methods of reducing the vulnerability of those already victimised (Tilley 2003). The way in which the models of policing are enforced differs on a much larger scale. The Problem-Oriented policing model is carried out by crime prevention officers and crime pattern analysts. It implies attention to problems exploiting available pinch-points in the conditions generating problems (Tilley 2002). This may include targeting prolific offenders, criminal organisations, those recruiting new criminals or stolen goods markets, any or all of which are likely to be focused on in the Intelligence-Led policing model. However, the major difference is that the Problem-Oriented policing model is also interested in finding pinch-points that do require enforcement. These will often include reductions in opportunity of the sort stressed in situational crime prevention (Braga 2002). Situational crime prevention reduces the criminals opportunities to commit crime for example making changes in the environment to make the criminal believe that the crime is not worth committing as it is to o risky, this is something which the Problem-Oriented policing model endorses in its methods of policing via the problem analysis triangle, this consists of; the offender or source of complaint, a victim or victims and a location or characteristics of locations (Cohen and Felson 1979). Problems can be removed or ameliorated by altering one or more of the three problem features with the aid of situational crime prevention. Crackdown and consolidation strategies are plausible candidates for many problems addressed in the Problem-Oriented Policing model (Wright 1994). The crackdown side agrees with the Intelligence-Led policing model, for both it involves efforts to target intensive, well publicised enforcement to incapacitate and/or deter offenders creating problems, this can also have beneficial side-effect beyond the operation of the crackdown (Sherman 1990). The Problem-Oriented policing model however will be equally concerned with consolidation, the introduction of measures to produce sustained falls in crime during the lull created by the crackdown (Tilley 2003). In addition to this, the Problem-Oriented policing model embraces concerns that extend beyond law enforcement. It is relevant to all police-relevant problems. Smart enforcement is needed for some but not all issues that are addressed by the police, for example a child going missing from home is more of a problem for policing but not smart enforcement. Various long-term crime problems are more open to non-enforcement preventive interventions than they are smart enforcement. Few enduring crime or non-crime problems are effectively dealt with by enforcement alone (Tilley 2003). This leads to the Problem-Oriented policing model to be seen as more community friendly as it does not ignore their needs; it focuses on all problems in society. On the other hand, the Intelligence-Led policing model is carried out mainly by intelligence officers and Criminal Investigation Departments (CID). It is the outcome of a desire to professionalise the intelligence discipline within the law enforcement (NCIS 2000). Enforcement can be made smarter by assiduously assembling analysing and acting upon information relating to the activities and organisation of major offenders (Tilley 2003). The Intelligence-Led policing model works at three interconnecting levels; level one covers local issues and volume crime, level two covers cross border issues, where crime issues cross jurisdictional borders and where intelligence needs to be shared, and level three covers serious and organised crime operating on a national or international scale (Tilley 2003). Although it does not cover issues which do not require smart enforcement like the Problem-Oriented policing model does, it covers issues which spread overseas and could be considered a more prof essional business type method of policing. Within the Intelligence-Led policing model there is a tasking and co-ordination group which is central to this method. The group has meetings which set the agenda for intelligence gathering, receiving intelligence, making tactical assessments, allocating law enforcement effort and reviewing said efforts, all of which are crucial elements of this model of policing. The meetings are made up of four main elements; the first being targeting offenders, the second is the management of hotspots, the third is the investigation of offences and the fourth is the application of preventative measures such as CCTV (NCIS 2000). The fourth element to this sits well with Problem-Oriented policing as it is essentially a form of situational crime prevention, something which the Problem-Oriented policing model embraces in its method of policing. It is easy to see that the Intelligence-Led policing model is concerned with traditional police priorities; the detection of crime and the apprehension of serious and prolific offenders (Tilley 2003). Crime is deemed better controllable by better targeting of offenders; therefore the public is better served. The assumption stands that law enforcement is the key function of the police; it shapes what they are concerned with and what they can do. The two models being discussed both have considerable success in society, however what each model considers to be success proves the real focus point that the model entails. For the Problem-Oriented policing model, success is achieved with the successful amelioration, removal or management of specific police related community problems. For the Intelligence-Led policing model success comes with good arrests and good sentences, the conviction of major, prolific offenders and their severe punishment keeping them away from those they would otherwise have the opportunity to harm (Tilley 2003). Although the Intelligence-Led policing model comes to play better with traditional grass roots police officers than the other models, it provides no space for the wider conception of police problems and responsibilities which the Problem-Oriented policing model takes on board such as community issues. The Problem-Oriented policing model provides essential space for community models of policing and Intelligent-Led enforcement, which makes it crucially adaptable to changing conditions in society (Tilley 2003).

3 Traits to Being a Successful Politician :: essays research papers

As a young kindergarten student at naptime, I was always restless, simply because my playing such a small role in the world seemed inadequate to me at the time. As the years wore on, though, I realized that the saying, â€Å"You must crawl before you can walk,† is very true. Every great person had to endure being a child, teenager, and so forth. Therefore, I no longer wish to be older. These transitional years are the years in which we learn the most. Being so motivated at the age of five points directly to the traits I had and still have to this day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Big dreams are all I’ve ever known. I think that will be one key to my success. The ambition I have to create myself into the most powerful and effective person I can be always presides with me. So long as I keep a strong attitude, I have no doubt that I will inevitably become what I’ve always dreamed I would be. Looking back when I’m older, I want to be able to say, â€Å"This is my life, and I’m happy with who I am and what I’ve accomplished.† I have this strange feeling that I was meant to be someone special, and I plan on satisfying that feeling.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No matter what profession you go in, I firmly believe in being passionate about it. Your work is so much more productive when you feel strongly about the subject in question! I possess a passion for two things that only a few people can understand at my age. Those would be history and government. They found their way into my heart, all because of my eighth grade American history teacher. For all I know, she could have thought I was just brownnosing, but I truly found my calling because of her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last trait I have that I think will benefit me as a politician is just pure love for everyone. Sadly enough, I see people today who disrespect each other for no reason at all. It’s disheartening and makes me have a tinge of disgust for mankind. I, on the other hand, believe that everyone deserves to be treated with respect, despite what they may say or do to me. I, personally, think my love for people and desire to help in any and every way I can makes me an excellent candidate for governmental offices.

The Effects Of Media On Preschoolers Essay -- Media

The use of media (television, video games, phones, music, and computers) by young children is becoming more and more common in everyday life. Children are in front of media screens now more than anytime in history. Parents are allowing, encouraging, and promoting the use of media in many forms. There are endless sources available for parents to purchase for the use with infants, toddlers,a nd preschoolers from movies to games and videos. (Ravichandran, France de Bravo, 2010, â€Å"Yound Children and Screentime†.) Although these media tupes are readily available, whether they be for entertainment or educational use, are they really in the children's best interest? According to the American Acadamy of Pediatrics (1999) the average child spends twenty one hours a week watching television. Children that watch television are more likely to be aggressive, obese, and learn at slower rates. It also states that an average viewer is subjected to 14,000 sexual references a year and only a handful of those encounters are of responsible sexual behavior. Not to mention the $8 billion a year that alcohol and tobacco manufacturers spend on alcohol and tobacco references in television and movies. (AAP, 1999 â€Å"Media Education†) Research shows that children under three years old should not have screen time at all. In fact, young children that watched television were much more likely to have reading and attention problems. The type of programming didn't matter on the results. Children were impacted negatively even if they weren't watching. Having the television on in the background of their play was enough to influence them negatively. The play was not as intense or as focused, and the children didn't play as long as they otherwise would have, had ... ...uwosh.edu/psychology/rauscher.htm Rauscher,FH Zupan,MA (2000) Early Childhood Research, 15 (2) 215-228 Oshkosh,WI: University of Wisconsin Classroom Keyboard Instruction Improves Kindergarten Children's Spatial- Temporal Performance: A Field Experiment. Retrieved from http:// www.uwosh.edu/psychology/rauscher.htm Ravichandran,P France de Bravo,B,MPH (2010) Young Children and Screen Time (TV, DVD's, Computer) National Research Center for Women and families Retrieved from http://www.center4research.org/2010/05/young-children-and-screen... Roberts,DF Christenson,PG Gentile,DA (2003) The Effects of Violent music on Children and Adolescents Retrieved from http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/~dgentile/106027-08.pdf Sibal,K(2004) Exploring the Effects of Music on Young Children Retrieved from http://www.more4kids.com/Articles/article1009.htm

Charlie Chaplin Essay -- Biography Biographies Chaplin Essays

Charlie Chaplin â€Å"It is absolutely no exaggeration to say that for the greatest part of this century Charlie Chaplin was the most recognizable human being on the planet,† (Burr, 20). Chaplin did everything in show business; he was an actor, director, screenwriter, producer and composer, (Reader‘s Companion 157). He was the ideal rags to riches role model that every American dreamed of becoming. Charlie Chaplin revolutionized American show business and inspired Americans to follow their dreams because he was proof that even underdogs could make it to the top. Charles Spencer Chaplin had a very eventful life. He was born in London on the 16th of April, 1889, (Douglas np) to two music hall performers; Charles and Hannah Chaplin. (Reader’s Companion 157). His father was a singer who had run out on the family early in Chaplin’s life; he later died of alcoholism, (Douglas np). Hannah was a smalltime singer but spent most of her life in and out of mental hospitals, (Byers 438). He had a half brother named Sydney, (imdb.com). Chaplin was married four times and had a total of eleven children, (imdb.com). His first marriage was to Mildred Harris on the 23rd of October 1918, he was 28 and she was 16 years old. They had a son together but unfortunately the baby only lived for three days, (Turk 49). Chaplin was too much of a workaholic to commit to marriage so he moved out in August 1920, while Mildred filed for divorce, (Turk 50). He later fell in love with sixteen year old Lita Grey during the making of â€Å"The Gold Rush.† Lita’s mother disapproved of the relationship but once she found out that Lita was pregnant with Chaplin’s baby she let them wed. On November 24, 1924 Lita and Chaplin tied the knot. They had two children: Charles Jr.... ...superstar.† Entertainment Weekly. Fall 1996. Byers, Paula. â€Å"Chaplin, Charles.† Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd Ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. 438-440. â€Å"Chaplin’s Admirers Tip Their Hats for his 100th.† Time. 1 May 1989. â€Å"Chaplin, Charles.† Charlie Chaplin. Roy Export Comp. 10 February 2004. http://charliechaplin.com/ â€Å"Chaplin, Charles.† Dictionary of World Biography the 20th Century A-Inc. Volume VII. Pasadena† Salem Press, Inc. 1999. 653-656. â€Å"Chaplin, Charles.† Internet Movie Database. 1990. Internet Movie Database Inc. 9 February 2004. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000122/bio â€Å"Chaplin, Charles.† The Reader’s Companion to American History. 1991. 157 Douglas, Ann. â€Å"Charlie Chaplin: the comedian.† Time. 8 June 1998. Turk, Ruth. A Lerner Biography Charlie Chaplin Genius of the Silent Screen. Minneapolis: Lerner Publication Comp., 2000.

Cheating and Video Game Player

Cheating is an act of lying, deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, or imposition. Cheating characteristically is employed to create an unfair advantage, usually in one's own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. There are plenty ways to cheat, you can cheat in a relationship, academically, and in games. Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose. For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport. Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a â€Å"good reason† for cheating, cheating isn't a good idea. At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing someone else's idea for a science project or by copying a book report off the Internet and turning it in as if it's his or her original work. Copying someone else's words or work and saying they're yours is a type of cheating called plagiarizing. Cheating in video games involves a video game player using non-standard methods for creating an advantage beyond normal gameplay, usually to make the game easier, or may also create unusual effects which do not necessarily make the game easier to play, such as giving characters different appearances, such as large heads. Cheats sometimes may take the form of â€Å"secrets† placed by game developers themselves. Cheats may be activated from within the game itself (a cheat code implemented by the original game developers); or created by third-party software (a game trainer) or hardware. Cheating in a relationship is usually a symptom of an unhealthy relationship. It destroys friendships, breaks trust, and causes guilt, anger, hurt and many other negative emotions. Cheating in relationships is not going to last. There are several reasons why cheating, adultery, infidelity and extra marital affairs often occur in many relationships. People are complicated and appearances can be deceptive. Cheating in relationships depends upon several factors. One important factor is the choice of a partner or spouse. If the choice is not in line with what they require or wish, or with what their partner can give them, there is a chance of cheating. Cheating also occurs when people fail to give their relationships priority by putting time and energy into them. Another major reason is the failure to understand the issues that led to infidelity in the first place. Many people do not want to analyze the role they played in the failure of a relationship. In most cases, they blame others for things that went wrong rather than look inward for complete understanding. Cheating often occurs in many marital relationships. Communication is here the most problematic issue. For a myriad of reasons, partners get little time to talk about feelings with each other, particularly negative feelings. In some relationships, partners are not allowed to share unhappiness. Misunderstandings also make people feel that their spouse does not want to hear their problems. So they do not talk about difficulties. The lack of a sense of empowerment, issues of self esteem and unequal partnership are also significant problems in any relationship.

Language is a system of differences without positive terms Essay

Ferdinand de de de de Saussure was the commencement ceremony structural linguist to reorient the champaign of linguistics and to intromit as an object lens of flying field the analysis of an coercive identify of gets and their correlation with wording. The flightiness of the peculiarity is permeative and is visible in the sense that in that respect is no intrinsic connection betwixt the figure and the attri scarceeified and a property apprise be analyzed without its semantic context. This placed the narrowalise indoors a trunk of derived function traffichips amongst signs and wording. in that locationby it became possible to study the basic members of a phrase formation as arrangements of contrasts and opposers and stick at varietys with no compulsory c whole. Saussure says a linguistic sign pull rounds merely by virtue of its opposition to a nonher(prenominal) signs just now as coins pay ranges however within a specific schema of coinage, and the identity of trains is tho in footing of a particular railway musical arrangement, so the links complete betwixt signifi flush toiletts and signifies exist only finished the system of oppositions by which, liter wholey, that particular wording is formed. The conclusion is stark and radical. wherefore, in a talking to system in that respect atomic outcome 18 only releases with no positive frontiers (Saussure 972).In golf-club to arrive at an instinct of the differences with no positive terms Saussure divides diction into cardinal comp starnts. The offshoot comp onent is Langue which is an abstr be active system of language that has been internalized by a speech community. The morsel component is parole or the act of speaking or practice of language. patch Parole is composed of heterogeneous, unrelated and differing elements, language is homogeneous union of opinion and in effect(p) image or the signified and the strain (both psychological).This nonio n of Lang has ch every(prenominal)enged translators of the text in English. thither realise as nearly been a number of debates on the status of this term. There learn been questions as to whether this refers to a noetic entitya sort of platonic subject or merely designates a methodological plan, an stimulus generalization that is a part of a trial-and-error strategy. The issue has been, and remains, the articulation of the twin nonions of langue and parole, the last mentioned being no less trying to translate into English than the former.Some have opted for an ontological translucention on the determine of the philosophical tradition that opposes essence and reality or accidents others have reduced the difference to the pragmatic necessity of evaluating instances of languaging with respect to the opposite poles of a continuum going from the normative, estimatelized imitation of a language to the consecrate-ended genuine utterances that ar usu whollyy observed in verbal interactions. That Saussure himself was non further satisfied with these correlate notions of langue and parole seems obvious from his numerous attempts to specify the distinction (Bouissac 6).Saussure contended that language is opinionated and it is possible to analyze it using methodology that is used in investigating keen lore. Hence, he calls the lifetime-time of the sign, a science. He names this science semiotics or the science that studies the life of signs within society (Saussure 962).The business of the linguist, in investigating this science is to run into out what makes language a fussy system within the mass of semiological entropy (Saussure 962) and if we moldiness discover the true temperament of language we must learn what it has in common with all other semiological systems (Saussure 962). Therefore, Saussure feels a need to begin with an under stalemateing of the sign.Saussure offers a dyadic toughie of a sign in which the manikin and the s ignified are ii part of a whole. This is a mental puzzle in which a sign must have a signifier and a signified and the relationship between the twoa meaning. Thus the sign itself is extraneous (not abstract), as it does not fix the importee of the signified.The linguistic sign unites, not a occasion and a name, but a concept and a vocalise image. The latter(prenominal) is not the material undecomposed, a purely physical thing, but the psychological instill of the sound, the impression that it makes on our senses (Saussure 963). He still elucidates the point without moving our lips we foot rag to ourselves or recite mentally a selection of verse (Saussure 963). Thus the description of the linguistic sign is a conclave of a concept and a sign image and consequently, Saussure proposes to retain the sign signe to designate the whole and to replace concept and sound image respectively by signified signifie and signifier signifi notifyt (Saussure 963).It logically follows , that the sign has two autochthonic principles a) The sign is imperative by character and b) The signifier is elongated by nature.The whimsical nature of the signThe linguistic sign is arbitrary and the consequences of this unpredictability are infinite. The disco actually of the arbitrariness is also not easy and requires many detours in advance they send word be discovered. However, the disco really uncovers the primordial importance of this principle of linguistic signs. This very arbitrariness of the sign makes it ideal for semiological study and it is this principle that makes language the model for all other branches of semiology (Saussure 965).Moving on to examining the arbitrary nature of the linguistic sign, Saussure complete that reducing a sign to a symbol makes it less arbitrary because it creates a trammel between the signifier and the signified. The linguistic sign is not arbitrary because there is no natural connection between the two. (Saussure 965). The arg ument that Onomatopoeia proves that a sign is not always arbitrary is dismissed as onomatopoeic formations are never perfect elements of the linguistic system (Saussure 965). Interjections too exhibit that there is no fix bond between the signified and signifier (Saussure 966) and counterfeit formations and interjections are of secondary importance and their symbolical origin is in part open to dis sice (Saussure 965).The linear nature of the classThe auditory nature of the signifier implies that it has a span and the span is measurable in a single property it is a line (Saussure 966). This principle, according to Saussure is very important because the whole mechanism of language depends on it (Saussure 966). Auditory signifiers command the dimension of time and their elements are presented in term they form a chain (Saussure 966). This linearity is visible in writing where the spatial line of graphic marks is substituted for epoch in time (Saussure 966).Having said this, Sa ussure moves on to consume language in terms of an organise system of pure protects consisting of ideas and sound in order to arrive at the differences without positive terms.Linguistic note apprize Language as organized concept coupled with soundIn examining language as organized mentation and sound, Saussure finds that there are no pre-existing ideas, and nothing is distinct before the appearance of language (Saussure 967). further phonetic substance is uncomplete to a greater extent ameliorate nor more rigid than survey it is not a mold into which theme must of necessity fit but a plastic substance split in turn into distinct part to furnish the signifiers needed by thought (Saussure 967). Therefore, language forms a link between thought and sound under conditions that guide about the reciprocal delimitations of units (Saussure 967) and becomes an articulus in which an idea is fixed in a sound and a sound becomes the sign of an idea (Saussure 967).It follows that the signifier and the signified are al intimately connected. The two cannot be separated just as two side of a paper cannot be separated. Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the bump side. Just as it is impossible to take a pair of scissors and slim one side of paper without at the aforesaid(prenominal) time cutting the other, so it is impossible in the language to sequestrate the sound from thought, or thought up from sound. (Saussure 967).Nevertheless, the combination produces a form, not a substance (Saussure 967) because it remains completely arbitrary. It is this arbitrariness that makes it possible to create a linguistic system. However, Saussure warns that it must not be assumed that it is possible to construct the system from the parts but the parts can be obtained from the whole by a process of analysis (Saussure 968).Linguistic appraise Conceptual View pointThe undermentioned logical question that occurs to Saussure is How does comfort differ from significat ion? He concludes that, small-arm conceptually signification is an element of pry, it is not the same as apprize. It is in incident distinct from it. This is because language is a system of interdependent terms in which the value of each term results solely from the cooccurring presence of others (Saussure 969). Initially a concept is nothing is only a value determined by its relations with other similar determine, that without them the signification would not exist (Saussure 971). To better appreciate the significance of his finding he corresponds the concepts of value and signification as they exist orthogonal of language. He finds that the same paradoxical principle governs values outside language.Values are composed of a) miscellaneous things that can be exchange for the thing of which the value is to be determined (Saussure 969) care a coin can be exchanged for a fixed value of another thing b) similar things that can be compared with the thing of which the value is to be determined (Saussure 969) such as a two centime coin can be compared to another two penny coin.The value of a word, therefore, is not fixed so long as one simply states that it can be exchanged for a given concept, i.e. that it has this or that signification one must also compare it with similar values, with other lecture that jib in opposition to it. Its content is really fixed only by the continuative of everything that exists outside it. Being part of a system, it is endowed not only with signification but also and specially with a value, and this is something quite different (Saussure 969).Linguistic Value from a Material ViewpointDo these relations and differences between the terms of language and their value stand up to the render of linguistic value from the material pedestal? Saussure thinks so. In his view the most important fact is that the word is not the sound alone but the phonic differences that make it possible to distinguish it from all others, for diffe rences carry signification (Saussure 971). He does not find this surprising because one vocal image is no better suit than the next for what is commissioned to express (Saussure 971). Hence any analysis of a fraction of language must be found on the noncoincidence with the rest (Saussure 971) and the arbitrary and differential are two correlative qualities of language.The arbitrary and differential qualities of language are authorize by the fact that the terms in a language are forgo to change according to the laws that are unrelated to its signifying function (Saussure 971). For instance no positive sign characterizes the genitive plural in Zen. Still Zena and Zenb function very well even if they replace the earlier forms of the word.It has value because it is different. This quality of language is also validate by the fact that signs functionnot through their intrinsic value but through their relative position (Saussure 971). This reveals the systematic role of phonic functio ns. For instance there is similarity in the formation of the words ephen and esten. However, the former is an imperfect and the latter is an aorist.In this context Saussure notes that the sound is a secondary thing to languagea substance that must be put to use in language. The conventional values must not be tangled with the tangible elements that support them. The linguistic signifier is incorporeal and is constituted not by its material substance but by the differences that separate its sound image from all others. This basic principle therefore applies to all material elements of language. He therefore, concludes that every language forms its words on the basis of a system of sonorous elements, each element being a clearly delimited unit and one of a fixed number of units (Saussure 971)Finally, considering the sign in its summation, Saussure quickly sums up his findings as in language there are only differences (Saussure 972). What are these differences?First language has ne ither ideas nor sounds that existed before the linguistic system, but only conceptual and phonic differences that have issued from the system (Saussure 972). In fact the idea or the phonic substance contained in the sign is of secondary importance as a change in the value of the term does not affect its meaning or its sound solely because a contiguous term has been modified (Saussure 973).Second when we consider a sign in its totality (Signifier / Signified) there are no prejudicious terms. Therefore a linguistic system is a series of differences of sound unite with a series of differences of ideas and the the pairing of a certain number of acoustical signs with as many cuts made from the mass of thought engenders a system of values (Saussure 973).This system, past serves to link the phonic and psychological elements within each sign (Saussure 973). The combination is a positive fact that language uses to obtain classes of differences. The entire mechanism of language then is ba sed on oppositions of this kind and on the phonic and conceptual differences that they imply (Saussure 973). This can also be applied to units and the characteristics of units can be seen to blend into the units themselves. So difference makes character just as it makes value and the unit (Saussure 973).Syntagmatic and Associative transactionSince Saussure views language as a something that is based on relationships, he divides relations and differences between linguistic terms into two distinct groups. These groups are associated with two types of mental activity that are essential to the life of language.Within the communion words deal relations based on ..linear nature of language because they are chained together (Saussure 974). These are syntagnms. These syntagnms acquire value because they stand in opposition to everything that precedes and follows them (Saussure 974). Outside the discourse words can acquire a different relation. The syntagnms relations are in praesentia i n which two or more terms occur in an sound series. Language belongs to syntagnmatic relationships built on stiff forms. Associative relations are created by memory of the forms by comparing terms.

Devoted Son

Analytical essay In the story â€Å"The devoted son† by Anita Desai. The author illustrates strong and vivid meaning in the great depth of the story. The Author portrays a truth. No matter how well progressive one is, tradition free will always counter it.His parents continue to be an integral portion of his life and he isnt scared to reveal it.We can’t have this happening again. †(Desai, 79). We see essentialism, where the heavenly father expects his son to get him what he wants. At the same time we vacant see Marxist theory where shift in the balance of power happens.You smile, and the remainder of apply your entire body will catch on.

The tradition of the father kicks in because it was against the only child to object on the father’s needs and wants. The essentialism here is clear. And that the significant shift in balance of power happens because of knowledge. Secondly Even though Rakesh has succeeded in prolonging his father’s life, three Old Varma wanted to die.It is tricky to describe the sensation.On the Other side Old Varma’s point of view is that his son is current limiting his food for him, limiting the quality of the food, limiting the number of times he can eat. Rakesh rejects his father’s desires, where Varma sees it as torture. He complains to his neighbour about that.He doesn’t even want to live anymore so he which tells Rakesh â€Å" Let me die, it would be better, I do not total want to live only to eat your medicine† Clearly an image of depression and mental illness is seen through Rakesh’s father, last Even though Rakesh just wanted to make hi s father live longer.Rogers life has been full of love due to his family members and friends.

Dalymple. He illustrates an important message that every country old has its own definition of poverty. Corruption has started by the government. â€Å"Theyll find her a new flat.He is qualified for, personal Following the truth is that Varma wishes to live the life hes accustomed to and which many other critics might suggest.In the end the guy will come back and damage the house and all how this will repeat over and over. One of the literary devices in this quote is sarcasm. â€Å"†¦because its unacceptable poverty in this day and age to live without them. [ furniture, television, and refrigerator]† The author sarcastically expresses his opinion on poverty in UK.My husband and Ive been married for over 35 decades.

They get spoiled by luxury. Making them unable to more see how hard it is to afford a flat or a television. This quote also what has situational irony. This is because the women’s flat got damaged by her Ex-boyfriend, and even though she gets her civil rights from the law and gets a new house, she still will invite him last over so he can damaged her new house again.My dad is still in shock at the moment, she explained.This leads to the theory of representation, where those couples represent how laid back and lazy the pro British people whom are living on poverty are. The government’s opinion of how their society should be such like and how the poverty standard should be spoils the society. Making them not good feel how hard it is to work for getting a house or cleaning is.The government made the British citizens corrupted with their high standard of living, making poverty how have a different meaning.Ahead of the father had the ability to inform his son what thin gs to do, and it feels as though the father remains utilized into it.

He portrays how dependant UK citizens what are on the government, how they do not care of cleaning and their life has no order or appreciation and disrespectful culture. This shows Discrimination theory of difference.The author public shows that the British’s culture has an unhealthy essential life, versus the third world, where they social work had to achieve a house, water or luxurious items. Narrator talks about the struggle going on to achieve a house.The families had lots of admiration.While as UK’s poverty has a very high standard, the citizens do not know how hard it is to live, and they abuse the laws. Therefore every country what has it is own definition of poverty. In the documentary â€Å"Ban into Brothers†, Briski gives her view on an extremely important message. This message is that parents and society are the major influences on a childs future.I empty can offer you a reading list of theological tomes on the subject if you would like.

On the other hand, Avijit is a particular drug addict (hash). Basically, Avijit is living in the very lowest class. He has no home, wired and education is not easy for him. Avijit says: â€Å"We dont have enough time to live let alone to study.Talk about how the both of youd like decision making to perform the job.Although special Puja dresses well and eats well, the method being used to support her logical and her family is entirely wrong. This leads to the analytical theory of commodotisation. Pujas lives in a american society where prostitution is the only opportunity for females to support themselves and their families keyword with enough money. This is evident when Pujas family pulls her out of school early in order to make more money, sooner, to better support their family.Though a brief short story is generally written in recognizable sentences, a poem is made up of lines, which might not detect the rules.

In conclusion, in all 3 previous steps, there is one common truth. In the stories of â€Å"What is poverty† by T. Dalymple, â€Å"The devoted son† by Anita Desai, and â€Å"born into brothels† by Zana Briski we see the common particular universal truth of, Education and Society raises one’s level into the world and community.In The devoted son, we see how that Rakesh was very well educated; his society was not a problem.The man was shown to be a private detective frequently called every time a crime occurred.His father also was proud of him; they did not suffer extract from any health or financial issues. Rakesh was lucky to be one of the people whom are on the higher level. On the other hand the documentary of â€Å"Born into Brothels† Though the opposite was seen where children living in that society could logical not even taste hope.That society only allowed the girls to become prostitutes and men to become pimps if they wanted to make mone y to live with the basic physiological needs.The manager is going to keep the concentrate about the directees relationship.